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Benchmarks

SDG 4 Targets

SDG 4: Quality Education

The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4.1 is an example of an international education benchmark. Goal 4.1 states that by 2030, countries will “ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes.” The goal is measured by the percentage of children in grades 2 and 3 who are achieving a minimum proficiency in reading.

Countries have the option of using results from a nationally representative Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) for SDG 4.1. Results are estimated by using the percentage of students who can read proficiently at a level determined by the ministry of education.

The data reported here should be considered illustrative as countries are solely responsible for reporting on this indicator to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is a Benchmark?

In education, a benchmark is like a target—a score that measures a student’s performance on a task, which shows that student has a particular level of skill. The benchmark is the marker score for a skill level. We rely on benchmarks to understand and compare student performance in reading, as well as in other subjects. Student performance scores in reading can be compared to reading benchmarks and used to track the performance of a school, district, or whole education system. Benchmarks can also be used to find students, schools, districts, or systems that need more support.

Grade 2 SDG 4.1 Targets Comparison

  • * Grade 2 and 3 data combined
Region Country Year Language All Boys Girls Indicator Definition
AfricaZambia20141%1%1%45 cwpm
AfricaLiberia2013English4%6%3%35-40 cwpm
AfricaMalawi2012Chichewa0.24%0.22%0.26%40 cwpm
Middle EastWest Bank2014Arabic18%15%22%30 cwpm with diacritics
Middle EastWest Bank2014Arabic27%33%21%35 cwpm without diacritics
AfricaGhana2013Ghanaian language3%3%2%40 cwpm
AfricaGhana2013English7%6%7%45 cwpm
AsiaPakistan2013Urdu20%16%25%60-90 cwpm
AsiaPakistan2013Sindhi24%26%22%50-80 cwpm
AsiaPhilippines2014/2013Ilokano35%27%46%40 cwpm (2014 data)
AsiaPhilippines2014/2013Hiligaynon34%29%40%45 cwpm (2014 data)
AsiaPhilippines2014/2013Cebuano54%41%62%42 cwpm (2014 data)
AsiaPhilippines2014/2013Maguindinaoan22%15%30%40 cwpm (2014 data)
AfricaTanzania2013Kiswahili5%4%6%50 cwpm
AsiaTonga2009Tongan15%50 cwpm
AsiaVanuatu20106%3%7%45 cwpm
Middle EastJordan2014Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)3%1%4%46 cwpm
AsiaAfghanistan2017Dari (Herat)34%29%39%40 cwpm
AsiaAfghanistan2017Pashto (Laghman)17%24%10%30 cwpm
AsiaAfghanistan2017Pashto (Nangarhar)25%22%28%30 cwpm
AsiaAfghanistan2018Dari (Herat)35%36%35%40 cwpm
AsiaNepal2021Nepali7%8%7%45 cwpm
AsiaNepal2022Nepali9%8%10%45 cwpm
AsiaKyrgyz Republic2021All46%39%53%40 cwpm
AsiaKyrgyz Republic2021Kyrgyz50%44%56%40 cwpm
AsiaKyrgyz Republic2021Russian46%39%52%40 cwpm
AsiaKyrgyz Republic2021Uzbek43%37%49%40 cwpm
AsiaTajikistan2021Russian55%50%61%40 cwpm
AsiaTajikistan2021Tajik55%50%59%40 cwpm
Zambia
2014
All Students: 1%
Boys: 1%
Girls: 1%
Liberia
2013
English
All Students: 4%
Boys: 6%
Girls: 3%
Malawi
2012
Chichewa
All Students: 0.24%
Boys: 0.22%
Girls: 0.26%
West Bank
2014
Arabic
All Students: 18%
Boys: 15%
Girls: 22%
West Bank
2014
Arabic
All Students: 27%
Boys: 33%
Girls: 21%
Ghana
2013
Ghanaian language
All Students: 3%
Boys: 3%
Girls: 2%
Ghana
2013
English
All Students: 7%
Boys: 6%
Girls: 7%
Pakistan
2013
Urdu
All Students: 20%
Boys: 16%
Girls: 25%
Pakistan
2013
Sindhi
All Students: 24%
Boys: 26%
Girls: 22%
Philippines
2014/2013
Ilokano
All Students: 35%
Boys: 27%
Girls: 46%
Philippines
2014/2013
Hiligaynon
All Students: 34%
Boys: 29%
Girls: 40%
Philippines
2014/2013
Cebuano
All Students: 54%
Boys: 41%
Girls: 62%
Philippines
2014/2013
Maguindinaoan
All Students: 22%
Boys: 15%
Girls: 30%
Tanzania
2013
Kiswahili
All Students: 5%
Boys: 4%
Girls: 6%
Tonga
2009
Tongan
All Students: 15%
Boys:
Girls:
Vanuatu
2010
All Students: 6%
Boys: 3%
Girls: 7%
Jordan
2014
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)
All Students: 3%*
Boys: 1%
Girls: 4%
Afghanistan
2017
Dari (Herat)
All Students: 34%
Boys: 29%
Girls: 39%
Afghanistan
2017
Pashto (Laghman)
All Students: 17%
Boys: 24%
Girls: 10%
Afghanistan
2017
Pashto (Nangarhar)
All Students: 25%
Boys: 22%
Girls: 28%
Afghanistan
2018
Dari (Herat)
All Students: 35%
Boys: 36%
Girls: 35%
Nepal
2021
Nepali
All Students: 7%
Boys: 8%
Girls: 7%
Nepal
2022
Nepali
All Students: 9%
Boys: 8%
Girls: 10%
Kyrgyz
2021
All
All Students: 46%
Boys: 39%
Girls: 53%
Kyrgyz
2021
Kyrgyz
All Students: 50%
Boys: 44%
Girls: 56%
Kyrgyz
2021
Russian
All Students: 46%
Boys: 39%
Girls: 52%
Kyrgyz
2021
Uzbek
All Students: 43%
Boys: 37%
Girls: 49%
Tajikistan
2021
Russian
All Students: 55%
Boys: 50%
Girls: 61%
Tajikistan
2021
Tajik
All Students: 55%
Boys: 50%
Girls: 59%
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